James Sharp (4 May 1613 – 3 May 1679) was a Presbyterian minister, and later Archbishop of St Andrews (1661–1679).
Sharp was from conservative, royalist Banffshire in the north-east of Scotland, a graduate of the University of Aberdeen and a regent of St. Andrews University.
In the English Civil War, following the execution of the King, Sharp, a skilled negotiator, became prominent as a leader of the moderate wing of the Scottish church called the "Resolutioners". Many Scottish churchmen had become Covenanters, a group of Presbyterians who bound themselves by oath to protect and defend their Scottish Presbyterianism from the introduction of bishops and other Episcopalian features. This group had split into two factions, the Resolutioners and Protesters, differing over how much power should be given to the King in the ordering of church affairs.
He was captured (1651) by Oliver Cromwell's Parliamentarian forces and imprisoned until 1652. The author of A true representation of the rise, progresse and state of the present divisions of the Church of Scotland, (1657) was sent to London to represent the interests of the Resolutioners. In London, Sharp became involved with George Monck and his scheme for the restoration of the monarchy, which Sharp conditionally supported. About the same time he privately shifted his loyalties to the restoration also of episcopacy in Scotland, thus betraying his former Scottish Presbyterian associates.
A few months after the restoration of Charles II Sharp was allowed to return to St Andrews and the following year (1661), he was appointed Archbishop of St Andrews and primate of Scotland. In the face of Presbyterian resistance, he embarked on a severe policy repressing the principles of the Covenanters he had formerly represented, enforcing policies, such as the Act of Supremacy (1669) which gave the King complete authority in the Church.
In 1668 James Mitchell attempted to assassinate the archbishop. When he was finally caught six years later, he confessed and was executed in 1678. Mitchell became a Presbyterian folk hero and Sharp became even less popular. In 1679 he was assassinated by a group of Covenanters on Magus Muir, outside St. Andrews, who had in fact been waiting to kill someone else when news came to them that Sharp's coach was on the road.
In popular Scottish history Sharp is pictured as a turncoat in league with the Devil.
Another 17th century "Archbishop Sharp" was John Sharp (1643–1714), Archbishop of York.
| Catholic Church titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by John Spottiswoode |
Archbishop of St Andrews 1661–1679 |
Succeeded by Alexander Burnet |
| Academic offices | ||
| Preceded by The Earl of Loudoun |
Chancellor of the University of St Andrews 1661–1679 |
Succeeded by Alexander Burnet Archbishop of St Andrews |
the mistake in date :Act of Supremacy is in 1534 and in 1558